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A
metabolic disorder associated with major abnormalities
in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
IDDM usually occurs in persons under 30 years
of age. These persons do not synthesize insulin
and are susceptible to ketoacidosis (acidity
in the body due to ketones in the blood). They
are always treated with insulin. Approximately
10% of persons with Diabetes Mellitus are insulin
dependent.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
is made if any of the following is present:
-
Blood
glucose = 200 mg/dL and classic signs
and symptoms of diabetes, such as unusual
weight loss, increased frequency of urination
and increased hunger.
-
Fasting
plasma glucose (FPG) =140 mg/dL on two
occasions
-
Fasting
blood glucose (FPG) < 140 mg/dL with
elevated glucose during an oral glucose
tolerance test (OGTT) of > 200 mg/dL
at 2 hours and one other blood glucose
level is also > 200 mg/dL.
People
with IDDM must balance exogenous insulin with
food intake and physical activity to achieve
glycemic control (blood sugar).
Complications
with Unmanaged IDDM:
Short
term complications:
-
Hypoglycemia
(low blood sugar)
-
Hyperglycemia
(high blood sugar)
-
-
Hyperglycemic
hyperosmolar nonketotic (HHNK) syndrome
(imbalance of excess glucose in the blood
and inadequate water, potassium, and sodium)
-
Hypertension
(high blood pressure)
-
Dislipidemia
(elevated cholesterol and triglycerides
in the blood)
-
Vascular
Complications (circulatory)
-
Neuropathic
complications (nerve)
-
-
Ophthalmic
Complications (vision)
Medical
Nutrition Therapy
To
provide adequate calories, carbohydrate, fat,
protein, fiber, sodium, and micronutrients
to support normal growth and development and
to achieve or maintain a reasonable body weight.
To achieve a goal blood hemoglobin A 1c(%)
and/or blood glucose level by balancing food
intake with insulin and activity level.
|
Laboratory
Values |
Normal
|
Goal
|
Intervention
|
|
Fasting
Glucose (before food) (mg/dL) |
<115
|
80-120
|
<80
or >140 |
|
Bedtime
Glucose (mg/dL) |
<120
|
100-140
|
<100
or >160 |
|
Hemoglobin
A 1c (%) (glycated hemoglobin) |
4-6
|
7-8
|
>8
|
To
prevent and/or manage nutrition related complications.
Links for more information
about IDDM:
http://www.diabetes.com.au/home.htm
http://www.diabetes.org/
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/
http://www.webmd.com
For
Kids:
http://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com
http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/6935/
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